Construction of the Peterhof (Baltiysky) railway station, the fourth in St. Petersburg, was an important event in the development of public transport buildings in the period 1853 – 1857. The new railway station in St. Petersburg was designed by the famous Russian architect Alexander Ivanovich Krakau. In terms of its appearance, it looked somewhat like the Gare de l'Est in Paris. The station complex benefits from its location inland from the Obvodniy channel embankment, allowing for the creation of the large square in front of the main façade, which is used as a convenient transport interchange today. The new station was intended to be used by the royal family, which imposed some special conditions on the planning of the building. The left part of the building was to service crowned heads and their retinues travelling to their Peterhof residences. The right section was reserved for utility rooms.

The grand opening of the station and the launch of regular traffic on the railway took place on July 21, 1857.

In 1933, the first trains in Leningrad to be converted to electric traction were those departing from Baltiysky railway station. Large-scale renovations of the station were thus needed. All the railway tracks were removed from the covered part of the trainshed, freeing up a large space under the tented roof. The building’s appearance also changed significantly. Three arched windows in the centre of the building were converted into entrances, and a direct entrance was created from the square to the area that had been freed up by the removal of the trainshed leading to the platforms.

In 1955, a ground-level pavilion for the Baltiyskaya metro station was added close to the left wing of the station building (designed by architects Mikhail Benois, A. Kubasov, and Fyodor Oleynik).

In 2001, the station underwent reconstruction so that it would be able to accommodate the additional load following the transfer of suburban transportation from Varshavsky station. A ticket office was added to the building that covered the lower part of the stained-glass windows of the former trainshed. The space where the trainshed had previously been was separated from the platforms by a stained-glass window, and a turnstile row was installed for access to the platforms.

Since December 2001, the building of Peterhof railway station has been registered with the State Inspectorate for the Preservation of Monuments as a monument of historical, cultural and artistic value.